EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING LISTENING
Keywords:
Key words: listening comprehension, EFL teaching, metacognitive strategies, authentic materials, bottom-up processing, top-down processingAbstract
Abstract. Listening is one of the most fundamental skills in language acquisition, yet it remains one of the least explicitly taught in classroom settings. This article examines effective strategies for teaching listening comprehension in English language classrooms. The study explores a range of pedagogical approaches including bottom-up and top-down processing, schema activation, pre-listening activities, interactive listening tasks, and the use of authentic materials and digital resources. Special attention is given to metacognitive strategy training, which enables learners to monitor and regulate their own listening processes. The findings suggest that a combination of structured strategy instruction and exposure to varied
authentic input significantly enhances listening proficiency. Implications for
English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers are discussed with practical
recommendations for classroom implementation.
