MOBILE APPLICATIONS FOR LANGUAGE LEARNING

Abstract

 Abstract. The advancement of mobile technologies has led the shift towards
ubiquitous learning, where learning can occur anytime, anywhere. Over the past decades, mobile devices are no longer confined to communication purposes but are increasingly used as an essential learning tool across all levels of education (Crompton & Burke, 2018; Heil et al., 2016; Rajendran & Md Yunus, 2021; Shin etal., 2011).The rapid proliferation of smartphones has transformed language education through Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) applications. This study examines the effectiveness of mobile apps (such as Duolingo, Babbel, and Busuu) in enhancing second/foreign language acquisition, drawing on metaanalyses and empirical research from 2015–2025.